The establishment of Sudan began way back 3500BC, Nubian Kingdoms, in 1504, the Sennar dynasty. In the year 1821 they were unified with Egypt. In 1899 they were known as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. They eventually gained their independence on the 1st of January 1956 and the current constitution they use was established on the 9th of January 2005. The current president of Sudan is Omar al-Bashir, the government system in place is one of a federal presidential republic.